Question

1. cause and effects of treaty of guadalupe-hidalgo:

causes:
effects/results:

Explanation:

The Treaty of Guadalupe - Hidalgo is related to historical events. In the Social Science discipline, the subfield of History deals with the study of past events, their causes, and effects. So we analyze the causes and effects of this treaty from a historical perspective.

Causes:

1. Mexican - American War: The war (1846 - 1848) between the United States and Mexico was a direct cause. The US had expansionist aims, and disputes over territory (like Texas' annexation and the border of Texas) led to the war. After the US won major battles (such as the Battle of Chapultepec), Mexico was in a weakened position and had to negotiate.
2. US Expansionism: The United States in the 19th century had a sense of "Manifest Destiny", the belief that it was destined to expand across the North American continent. This ideology drove the US to seek more territory, including the Southwest region of North America that Mexico controlled.
3. Mexican Political and Military Weakness: Mexico at that time had political instability and a less - effective military compared to the US. Its government was struggling with internal issues, and its military was not able to effectively repel the US forces.

Effects/Results:

1. Territorial Changes: Mexico ceded a large amount of territory to the US, including present - day California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico, and parts of Colorado, Wyoming, Kansas, and Oklahoma. This was a major territorial expansion for the US and a significant loss for Mexico.
2. Impact on Mexico: Mexico's national pride was hurt, and it faced economic and social challenges due to the loss of territory and population. It also had to deal with the aftermath of the war, including rebuilding its military and political structures.
3. Impact on the US: The US gained a vast amount of land, which contributed to its westward expansion. The new territories had rich natural resources (like gold in California, discovered soon after the treaty), and it also led to debates over the expansion of slavery in these new areas, which was a factor leading to the American Civil War.
4. Relations between US and Mexico: The treaty set the stage for a complex relationship between the two countries. There were issues related to the rights of Mexican citizens in the ceded territories, and some tensions persisted over time.

Answer:

Causes:

• Mexican - American War (1846 - 1848) due to territorial disputes (e.g., Texas annexation, border issues) and US expansionist aims.
• US "Manifest Destiny" ideology driving territorial expansion.
• Mexican political instability and military weakness.

Effects/Results:

• Mexico ceded ~55% of its territory (including CA, NV, UT, AZ, NM, and parts of other states) to the US.
• Mexico faced post - war political/economic challenges and loss of national pride.
• US gained land for westward expansion, access to natural resources (e.g., California gold), and slavery - expansion debates (pre - Civil War).
• Complex US - Mexico relations, including issues over rights of Mexican citizens in ceded areas.