box 1
what is a prosthetic? give 2 examples
box 2
recall the function of the cell membrane.
box 3
what do you think of when you hear the words: passive and active
box 4
which organelle is responsible for \digesting\ any substances brought into the cell through phagocytosis?
box 5
how does cell division (mitosis) relate to disease?

Question

box 1
what is a prosthetic? give 2 examples
box 2
recall the function of the cell membrane.
box 3
what do you think of when you hear the words:  passive and active
box 4
which organelle is responsible for \digesting\ any substances brought into the cell through phagocytosis?
box 5
how does cell division (mitosis) relate to disease?

Accepted Answer

### Box 1
# Brief Explanations:
A prosthetic is an artificial device that replaces a missing body part. Examples include prosthetic limbs (like a prosthetic arm or leg) and prosthetic eyes.
# Answer:
A prosthetic is an artificial device to replace a missing body part. Examples: prosthetic leg, prosthetic eye.

### Box 2
# Brief Explanations:
The cell membrane (plasma membrane) functions as a selective barrier, controlling the entry and exit of substances (like ions, nutrients, waste) into and out of the cell. It also provides structural support, helps in cell - cell communication, and maintains cell shape.
# Answer:
The cell membrane acts as a selective barrier (regulates substance transport), provides structure, enables cell - cell communication, and maintains cell shape.

### Box 3
# Brief Explanations:
In biology (e.g., cell transport), passive processes (like diffusion, osmosis) don't require energy (ATP) and move substances down a concentration gradient. Active processes (like active transport, endocytosis) need energy and move substances against a concentration gradient. In grammar, passive voice emphasizes the action's receiver, active voice emphasizes the doer. In general, "passive" can mean unresponsive or acting without active effort, "active" means engaged or requiring effort.
# Answer:
In biology: Passive (e.g., diffusion) - no energy, down gradient; Active (e.g., active transport) - needs energy, against gradient. In grammar: Passive - action receiver emphasized; Active - action doer emphasized. Generally: Passive - unresponsive/effortless; Active - engaged/effort - requiring.

### Box 4
# Brief Explanations:
Lysosomes are organelles containing hydrolytic enzymes. When a cell undergoes phagocytosis (engulfing a substance or particle), the vesicle containing the engulfed material fuses with a lysosome. The enzymes in the lysosome then break down (digest) the substances inside the vesicle.
# Answer:
Lysosome.

### Box 5
# Brief Explanations:
In mitosis, cells divide to grow, repair, or replace. Diseases like cancer occur when mitosis is uncontrolled - cells divide rapidly and uncontrollably, forming tumors. Some genetic diseases can result from errors in mitosis (e.g., chromosome non - disjunction during cell division can lead to conditions like Down syndrome if it happens in gamete - forming cells, or mosaicism if in somatic cells). Also, problems with mitotic checkpoints (that ensure proper cell division) can lead to abnormal cells and disease.
# Answer:
Uncontrolled mitosis causes cancer (rapid, abnormal cell division). Mitotic errors (e.g., chromosome non - disjunction) cause genetic diseases (e.g., Down syndrome, mosaicism). Faulty mitotic checkpoints lead to abnormal cells and disease.

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