Question

because it has muscular swellings that help move hemolymph through the animal, this vessel sometimes is called a heart (fig. 14.22). a series of holes called ostia allow blood to flow into the dorsal vessel.
the grasshopper has a system of filamentous, blind - ended tubules, the malpighian tubules, to rid its body of metabolic wastes (figs. 14.22 and 14.23). these tubules can be found along the lateral sides of the abdomen at the juncture of the stomach and intestine. notice how they are connected to the anterior portion of the intestine. malpighian tubules float freely in the coelomic cavity. they absorb metabolic wastes from the circulating hemolymph, concentrate the wastes (by pushing fluids back into the hemocoel), then deposit the concentrated waste in the gut to be eliminated with the feces.
like most arthropods, insects have a dorsal brain and a ventral nerve cord (fig. 14.23). careful inspection of the nerve cord will reveal several enlarged areas along its length (ganglia) that coordinate information from the different regions of the body. the anterior region, the brain, has direct connections to the photoreceptors and antennae that you examined earlier.
check your progress
5.1 what digestive organ for food storage do grasshoppers possess that bears the same name in earthworms?
5.2 what two specialized areas of the digestive tract reflect adaptations to living in dry, terrestrial habitats?
5.3 what organ in grasshoppers performs the same function as the green glands in crayfish? in what way has this organ been adapted in grasshoppers to conserve water?
5.4 how does the position of the nerve cord in the body of grasshoppers compare to its position in crayfish?
5.5 what benefit do the gastric ceca provide for grasshoppers?

Explanation:

5.1: In both grasshoppers and earthworms, the crop is the digestive organ for food - storage.
5.2: The Malpighian tubules and the hind - gut are specialized areas of the digestive tract that reflect adaptations to dry, terrestrial habitats. The Malpighian tubules concentrate waste and conserve water, and the hind - gut reabsorbs water from feces.
5.3: The Malpighian tubules in grasshoppers perform a similar function to the green glands in crayfish (excretion). In grasshoppers, they are adapted to conserve water by concentrating waste before depositing it in the gut.
5.4: In both grasshoppers and crayfish, the nerve cord is ventral.
5.5: The gastric ceca in grasshoppers increase the surface area for digestion and absorption of nutrients.

Answer:

5.1: Crop
5.2: Malpighian tubules, hind - gut
5.3: Malpighian tubules; They concentrate waste to conserve water.
5.4: In both, the nerve cord is ventral.
5.5: Increase surface area for digestion and absorption of nutrients.