Question

base your answers to questions 4 and 5 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. ...what were people using all the extra energy for? more heating and cooking, to be sure, and more travel in steamships and trains; but mainly, people were manufacturing more things: more textiles, more machines, more food and ale, more paper. the pattern was clear: the more you produced, the more energy you needed. and conversely in reverse, the more energy you used, the more things you produced — and the wealthier you or, more likely, your employer or the state, became. one might just as well relabel rename the expanding industrial revolution the energy revolution, because the industrial economies of the nineteenth century simply could not have developed without the parallel emergence of energy economies to sustain them. and as industrialization spread, country by country, region by region, so did demand for energy.... source: paul roberts, the end of oil, houghton mifflin company, 2004 4. which economic concept best explains the relationship between energy and industrial production discussed in this passage? a) supply and demand b) favorable trade balance c) collectivization d) scarcity 5. which statement best represents this authors point of view? a) pollution from energy sources hindered the expansion of railways. b) new energy technologies reduced industrial production. c) reliance on traditional energy sources made industrialization more efficient. d) industrialization was dependent on increased energy production. 6. a major reason the industrial revolution began in england was that england possessed a) a smooth coastline b) abundant coal and iron resources c) many waterfalls d) numerous mountain ranges

Explanation:

• Question 4: The passage shows that as industrial production (more things made) increased, energy use increased and vice - versa. Supply and demand is about how the quantity of a good (here energy) is related to its use (demand from industrial production). Favorable trade balance is about exports and imports, collectivization is about collective ownership (not relevant here), and scarcity is about limited resources (not the main concept here).
• Question 5: The text states “the industrial economies of the nineteenth century simply could not have developed without the parallel emergence of energy economies to sustain them”. This directly supports that industrialization was dependent on increased energy production. Option A about pollution and railways is not in the passage. Option B says new energy reduced production which is opposite. Option C about traditional energy and efficiency is not mentioned.
• Question 6: England had abundant coal (for energy, as seen in the energy - industrial production relationship in the passage) and iron (for machines, textiles etc. which are part of industrial production). A smooth coastline, many waterfalls, or numerous mountain ranges are not as directly related to the start of the Industrial Revolution as coal and iron resources.

Answer:

1. A. supply and demand
2. D. Industrialization was dependent on increased energy production.
3. B. abundant coal and iron resources