Question

base your answers to questions 4 - 6 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies.
\...give venezuela such an executive power in the person of a president chosen by the people or their representatives, and you will have taken a great step toward national happiness. no matter what citizen occupies this office, he will be aided the constitution, and therein being authorized to do good, he can do no harm, because his ministers will cooperate with him only insofar as he abides by the law. if he attempts to infringe upon the law, his own ministers will desert him, thereby isolating him from the republic, and they will even bring charges against him in the senate. the ministers, being responsible for any transgressions committed, will actually govern, since they must account for their own actions....\
—simón bolívar, 1819

1. the ideas expressed by simón bolívar in this passage most closely parallel the ideas of which of the following people?

a. thomas hobbes
b. baron de montesquieu
c. napoleon bonaparte
d. karl marx

1. simón bolívar’s point of view in this passage most clearly shows the influence of which of the following?

a. the industrial revolution
b. british imperialism in india
c. the protestant reformation
d. enlightenment and the american revolution

1. based on this passage, simón bolívar would most likely agree with which of the following statements?

a. workers should control the means of production
b. italy should be united under a single government
c. japan must industrialize in order to complete with the powers of europe
d. the nations of latin america should be independent and free from colonial rule

Explanation:

Question 4

Montesquieu emphasized separation of powers and checks - and - balances. Bolívar's idea of a president (executive) with ministers (checks on the executive) aligns with Montesquieu's concepts. Hobbes supported absolute monarchy, Napoleon was an autocratic leader, and Marx focused on class struggle and socialism.

The Enlightenment promoted ideas like separation of powers, popular sovereignty (president chosen by people or representatives), and the rule of law. The American Revolution also inspired ideas of representative government. The Industrial Revolution was about economic change, British imperialism in India was about colonial domination, and the Protestant Reformation was about religious change.

Bolívar was a key figure in the fight for Latin American independence. He wanted Venezuela (and by extension Latin America) to be free from colonial rule. Option A is a socialist - inspired idea (Marxist), option B is about Italian unification (not related to Bolívar's focus), and option C is about Japan's industrialization (not Bolívar's concern).

Answer:

B. Baron de Montesquieu

Question 5