Question

answer the following questions in two to three sentences.

1. explain aurangzeb as an intolerant ruler.
2. maharana pratap was a majestic ruler. discuss.
3. describe chhatrapati shivaji maharaj as one of the great king.

ch. - 4 medieval architecture, cities, merchants and craftsmen.

fill in the blanks.

1. a person who is proficient in architecture is called an ________.
2. the best specimen of mughal architecture, taj mahal is built by ________.
3. ________ is one of the twelve most sacred jyotirlingas in india.
4. the city of ahmedabad was established by ________.

state whether the following statements are true or false.

1. capital of vijaynagar was hampi.
2. world famous merchants like malik vora and virji gopi lived in surat.
3. diu, daman, goa, mumbai, chennai, puducherry, kochi developed with the arrival of european companies.
4. the pride of gujarat is garba which is associated with worship and praise of goddess shakti.
5. the patola work done by ladies of bhavnagar is in great demand, all over the world.

answer the following questions in one word.

1. by which other name is sun temple of konark known?
2. with the help of which tools is sculpture made?
3. where is somnath temple located?
4. which garden is developed in the middle of kankaria lake?

answer the following questions in one sentence.

1. who built the rani ni vav and where?
2. what is said about adi-kadi step-well of gujarat?
3. name the book written by sarangdev of devgiri and haripal dev of gujarat.
4. what is the speciality of temples of south india?
5. which fort of kumbhalgarh and chittod are important pieces of hindu architecture during medieval time?

explain following terms.

1. hudo
2. gopuram

give reasons.

1. sun temple of konark is also known as black pagoda.
2. hampi was a major centre of trade and commerce.

write short note on:

1. rudra mahalaya
2. navratri garba festival
3. urbanization during medieval period

ch. - 11 components of the environment and interrelationships

fill in the blanks.

1. ____ is the only planet in the solar system which has natural environment.
2. high tides are formed by ____ or storm.
3. man-made environment is also known as ____ environment.

state whether the following statements are true or false.

1. the main source of fresh water is ocean.
2. the time interval between two tides is 15 hours.
3. tides occurs on the earth due to gravitational force of jupiter and saturn.
4. in the pacific ocean there is a trench which is 10 to 11 kms deep.
5. man does excavation in lithosphere to obtain minerals.

Explanation:

Question 1: Explain Aurangzeb as an intolerant ruler.

Aurangzeb imposed Islamic orthodoxy, destroyed Hindu temples, reimposed jizya tax on non - Muslims, and restricted religious freedoms of Hindus and Sikhs, showing religious intolerance. He also suppressed non - Islamic cultural practices, further demonstrating his intolerant rule.

Maharana Pratap showed great courage and resilience, refusing to submit to Mughal rule. He fought valiantly in battles like Haldighati, symbolizing Rajput pride and independence, and his resistance made him a majestic figure.

Shivaji Maharaj established a strong Maratha kingdom, used guerrilla warfare effectively, respected all religions, and administered his kingdom with justice, showing great leadership in military, religious tolerance, and governance.

Answer:

Aurangzeb was intolerant as he imposed Islamic orthodoxy, destroyed Hindu temples, reimposed jizya on non - Muslims, and restricted non - Islamic cultural and religious practices.

Question 2: Maharana Pratap was a majestic ruler. Discuss.