Question

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37 of 50 questions remaining
which of the following would decrease glomerular filtration rate?
a vasodilation of the efferent arteriole
b vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole
c atrial natriuretic peptide (anp)
d all of the above
question 15
1 point
the lower airways (alveoli, respiratory bronchioles) consist of_____epithelial cells
a simple squamous
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Explanation:

• Option A: Vasodilation of the efferent arteriole reduces the resistance in the efferent arteriole. This leads to a decrease in glomerular capillary pressure as more blood flows out of the glomerulus through the efferent arteriole. A decrease in glomerular capillary pressure decreases the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).
• Option B: Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole reduces the blood flow into the glomerulus. Since the glomerular filtration rate depends on an adequate blood supply to the glomerulus (to create the hydrostatic pressure for filtration), a reduction in afferent arteriole diameter (due to vasoconstriction) decreases GFR.
• Option C: Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) typically increases GFR. It causes vasodilation of the afferent arteriole and vasoconstriction of the efferent arteriole, which increases glomerular capillary pressure and thus GFR. So this option is incorrect for the question of what decreases GFR.

Answer:

A. Vasodilation of the efferent arteriole, B. Vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole