Question

1. which of the following is most effectively treated with (ect) electroconvulsive therapy?

a. psychosis
b. schizophrenia
c. ocd (obsessive compulsive disorder)
d. depression
e. gad (generalized anxiety disorder)

1. which of the following therapeutic approaches is scientifically supported?

a. recovered - memory theories
b. rebirthing therapies
c. cognitive - behavioral therapy
d. energy therapies
e. crisis debriefing

1. if we were using the bio - psycho - social approach to explain george’s “easy - going” personality, which of the following would not factor into our explanation?

a. george’s easy - going manner may be the result of genetic brain chemistry
b. george learned to have an easy going personality so people would want to hang out
c. george’s family and community are both laid back and easy going
d. george’s cultural background reflects an easy going approach
e. george was punished when he was younger for being difficult and learned to behave in a more easy going manner

1. according to research on the bystander effect, which of the following people is most likely to stop and help a stranger?

a. jacob is on his way to a doctor’s appointment with his young son
b. xavier lives in a crowded city
c. malika is in a terrible mood, having just learned that she failed her midterm exam
d. cierra just saw a young girl offering her arm to help an older woman cross the street
e. michael, lost in thought as he walks to work, thinking about a presentation

1. which of the following was not an experiment in social psychology?

a. philip zimbardo’s stanford prison experiment
b. solomon asch’s conformity experiment
c. stanley milgram’s obedience experiment
d. leon festinger’s cognitive dissonance experiments
e. john watson’s behavioral experiments

Explanation:

Question 46

ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy) is most effectively used for severe depression that hasn't responded to other treatments. Psychosis, schizophrenia, OCD, and GAD are not the primary targets of ECT as compared to depression.

Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy (CBT) has a large body of scientific evidence supporting its effectiveness for various mental health conditions. Recovered - memory theories, rebirthing therapies, energy therapies, and crisis debriefing lack scientific support.

The bio - psycho - social approach considers biological (a: genetic brain chemistry), psychological (b: learned behavior to be liked, e: learned behavior from punishment), and social (c: family/community, d: cultural background) factors. Option a is a biological factor, so it should be included. Wait, no, the question is which would NOT factor in. Wait, the bio - psycho - social model includes biological (genetic, brain chemistry), psychological (learning, behavior modification), and social (family, community, culture). Option a is a biological factor, so it is part of the model. Wait, maybe I made a mistake. Let's re - examine. The bio - psycho - social approach: biological (a), psychological (b, e), social (c, d). So all except... Wait, no, the question is which would NOT factor in. Wait, maybe the options are misread. Wait, option a: genetic brain chemistry is biological, so it should be part of the explanation. So which one is not? Wait, maybe I messed up. Wait, the bio - psycho - social model includes biological (neurobiological, genetic), psychological (cognitive, behavioral), and social (socio - cultural, family, community). So all the options except maybe none? Wait, no, let's check again. The question is which would NOT factor into the explanation. Let's analyze each option:

• Option a: Biological (genetic brain chemistry) – part of bio - psycho - social.
• Option b: Psychological (learned behavior to be liked) – part of psychological.
• Option c: Social (family and community) – part of social.
• Option d: Social (cultural background) – part of social.
• Option e: Psychological (learned behavior from punishment) – part of psychological. Wait, this can't be. Maybe I misinterpret the question. Wait, the question is which would NOT factor in. Wait, maybe the answer is a? No, that doesn't make sense. Wait, no, the bio - psycho - social model includes all these. Wait, maybe the question is phrased differently. Wait, the bio - psycho - social approach to personality: biological (a), psychological (b, e), social (c, d). So all are factors. But that can't be. Wait, maybe the error is in my understanding. Wait, perhaps the question is which is not a factor. Wait, maybe the answer is a? No, that's biological. Wait, maybe the question is which is not part of the bio - psycho - social for personality. Wait, maybe the answer is a, but that seems wrong. Wait, no, let's check standard bio - psycho - social model. The biological component includes genetic factors, so a should be a factor. So maybe there's a mistake in my analysis. Wait, the options: a is biological, b is psychological (learning), c is social (family/community), d is social (culture), e is psychological (learning from punishment). So all are part of the model. But the question is which would NOT factor in. This is confusing. Wait, maybe the question has a typo, or I misread. Wait, maybe the answer is a? No, that's not right. Alternatively, maybe the question is which is not a psychological or social factor, but a is biological. But the bio - psycho - social model includes biological. So perhaps the intended answer is a? But that seems incorrect. Wait, maybe I made a mistake. Let's assume that the answer is a, but I'm not sure. Wait, no, the bio - psycho - social model does include biological factors. So maybe the question is wrong, or I misread. Alternatively, maybe the answer is a.

Answer:

d. Depression

Question 47