40. use the diagram below to answer the question.
chromosome change
diagram: before and after chromosome 1 and 2 with break points
which type of change in chromosome composition is illustrated in the diagram?
a. deletion
b. insertion
c. inversion
d. translocation

41. there are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. which of the following is true?
a. several different codons can specify the same amino acid.
b. each codon specifies a different amino acid.
c. some amino acids have no link to a codon.
d. each amino acid is specified by only one codon.

other
diagram: protein synthesis with labels a - g, methionine, asparagine

42. word bank:
anticodon codon mrna nucleus ribosome trna
interpret visuals identify each structure.
a is ____________ e is ____________
b is ____________ f is ____________
c is ____________ g is ____________
d is ____________
what process occurs in the section where a - b are located? ____________
what process occurs in the section where c - g are located? ____________

Question

40. use the diagram below to answer the question.
chromosome change
diagram: before and after chromosome 1 and 2 with break points
which type of change in chromosome composition is illustrated in the diagram?
a. deletion
b. insertion
c. inversion
d. translocation

41. there are 64 codons and 20 amino acids. which of the following is true?
a. several different codons can specify the same amino acid.
b. each codon specifies a different amino acid.
c. some amino acids have no link to a codon.
d. each amino acid is specified by only one codon.

other
diagram: protein synthesis with labels a - g, methionine, asparagine

42. word bank:
anticodon codon mrna nucleus ribosome trna
interpret visuals identify each structure.
a is ____________ e is ____________
b is ____________ f is ____________
c is ____________ g is ____________
d is ____________
what process occurs in the section where a - b are located? ____________
what process occurs in the section where c - g are located? ____________

Accepted Answer

### Question 40
# Brief Explanations:
To determine the chromosome change, we analyze the diagram:
- Deletion: Loss of chromosome segment (not shown here as segments are exchanged).
- Insertion: Addition of a segment (not the case here).
- Inversion: Reversal of a segment (diagram shows exchange between chromosomes, not reversal).
- Translocation: Exchange of segments between non - homologous chromosomes. The diagram shows parts of Chromosome 1 and Chromosome 2 being exchanged, which is translocation.
# Answer:
d. Translocation

### Question 41
# Brief Explanations:
We know that there are 64 codons (since $4^3=64$, as codons are 3 - nucleotide sequences and there are 4 types of nucleotides) and 20 amino acids.
- Option a: The genetic code is degenerate, meaning several different codons can code for the same amino acid. For example, multiple codons code for serine.
- Option b: Not true, as the code is degenerate (multiple codons for one amino acid).
- Option c: All amino acids are linked to codons (the genetic code translates codons to amino acids).
- Option d: Not true, as the code is degenerate (e.g., leucine is coded by 6 different codons).
# Answer:
a. Several different codons can specify the same amino acid.

### Question 42
#### Structure Identification:
- A: The structure labeled A is a ribosome (the site of protein synthesis, looks like a small organelle on the mRNA).
- B: B is mRNA (messenger RNA, the template for protein synthesis, has the codon sequence).
- C: C is anticodon (part of tRNA that pairs with mRNA codon).
- D: D is tRNA (transfer RNA, carries amino acids to the ribosome).
- E: E is amino acid (carried by tRNA, will be added to the polypeptide chain).
- F: F is codon (3 - nucleotide sequence on mRNA that codes for an amino acid).
- G: G is mRNA (same as B, the mRNA strand).

#### Process Identification:
- Process at A - B: The section with A (ribosome) and B (mRNA) is where transcription has already occurred and translation is about to start, but actually, the process of translation initiation occurs here, but more accurately, the process of translation (protein synthesis) starts here. Wait, no, the region A - B: The structure B is mRNA, and A is ribosome. The process that occurs here is translation (protein synthesis), where the ribosome reads the mRNA. Wait, actually, the first part (A - B) is related to translation. But more precisely, the process occurring in the section with A (ribosome) and B (mRNA) is translation (the synthesis of a polypeptide chain from mRNA). The process in the section with C - G: C is tRNA, G is mRNA, so this is also part of translation, where tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome (mRNA) to form a polypeptide. Wait, no, let's correct:
- Process at A - B: The process is translation (protein synthesis) as the ribosome (A) is associated with mRNA (B) to translate the genetic code.
- Process at C - G: This is also translation, specifically the elongation phase of translation where tRNA (D with anticodon C) brings amino acids (E) to the ribosome (A) and pairs with the mRNA (G) codon (F) to build the polypeptide chain.

# Brief Explanations (Structure Identification):
- A: Ribosome (site of protein synthesis, binds to mRNA).
- B: mRNA (carries genetic code from DNA, has codons).
- C: Anticodon (part of tRNA, complementary to mRNA codon).
- D: tRNA (transfers amino acids to ribosome, has anticodon).
- E: Amino acid (carried by tRNA, added to polypeptide).
- F: Codon (3 - nucleotide sequence on mRNA, codes for amino acid).
- G: mRNA (same as B, the messenger RNA strand).

# Brief Explanations (Process Identification):
- Process at A - B: Translation (ribosome reads mRNA to start protein synthesis).
- Process at C - G: Translation (elongation phase, tRNA adds amino acids to polypeptide chain).

# Answer (Structure Identification):
A is ribosome; B is mRNA; C is anticodon; D is tRNA; E is amino acid; F is codon; G is mRNA.

# Answer (Process Identification):
Process at A - B: Translation; Process at C - G: Translation.

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