Question

1. enlightened thinkers believed society was governed by a. religion b. a social contract c. scientific inquiry d. political philosophers 36. isaac newton was a mathematician and a scientist. newtons discovery of the laws of motion and universal gravitation helped to advance the scientific revolution of the time. newton and other enlightened thinkers believed truth could be found through a. the study of philosophy b. the application of reason c. strict obedience to authority d. the study of religious doctrines 37. earth-centered theory of the universe... a. geocentric theory b. heliocentric theory c. scientific method d. aristotles theory 38. a new way of thinking about the natural world based on careful observation and a willingness to question accepted beliefs a. geocentric theory b. heliocentric theory c. scientific method d. scientific revolution 39. a logical procedure for gathering and testing scientific data. a. geocentric theory b. heliocentric theory c. scientific method d. scientific revolution 40. which of the ideas does not belong? a. natural rights b. checks and balances c. social contract d. bill of rights 41. early proponent of womens rights a. voltaire b. montesquieu c. mary wollstonecraft 42. intellectual movement that stressed reason and thought and the power of individuals to solve problems a. individualism b. enlightenment c. intellectualism d. salons 43. thomas hobbes called the agreement by which people create a government the a. salon b. enlightenment c. checks and balances d. social contract

Explanation:

• 35: Enlightened thinkers emphasized scientific inquiry. Religion (a) was often challenged, social contract (b) is a political theory, and political philosophers (d) are not what society was governed by in their view.
• 36: Enlightened thinkers like Newton believed truth came from reason. Philosophy study (a) is too broad, strict obedience (c) and religious doctrines (d) were not their focus.
• 37: Earth - centered is geocentric. Heliocentric (b) is sun - centered, scientific method (c) is a process, Aristotle's Theory (d) is more general.
• 38: The description fits the scientific method. Geocentric (a) and heliocentric (b) are theories, Scientific Revolution (d) is a broader movement.
• 39: The scientific method is for gathering/testing data. Geocentric (a) and heliocentric (b) are theories, Scientific Revolution (d) is a movement.
• 40: Bill of Rights is a legal document. Natural rights (a), checks and balances (b), social contract (c) are political/philosophical concepts.
• 41: Mary Wollstonecraft was for women's rights. Voltaire (a) focused on free speech, Montesquieu (b) on separation of powers.
• 42: The Enlightenment emphasized reason. Individualism (a) is about self, Intellectualism (c) is more about knowledge, Salons (d) are social gatherings.
• 43: Thomas Hobbes' social contract is about creating government. Salon (a) is a gathering, Enlightenment (b) is a movement, checks and balances (c) is a system.

Answer:

1. c. scientific inquiry
2. b. the application of reason
3. a. geocentric theory
4. c. scientific method
5. c. scientific method
6. d. Bill of Rights
7. c. Mary Wollstonecraft
8. b. Enlightenment
9. d. social contract