Question

1. generally, where did power and wealth come from in land - based empires?

a. naval control and city posts
b. gold - salt trade.
c. elaboration of silk.
d. trade routes and agriculture.

1. what are some examples of the empires’ administrative systems based on religious

justification and those based on military elites?
a. the divine right of kings was a system based on religion while the devshirme system
was based on the military.
b. the daimyo system was based on the military while the protestant - priest system was
based on religion.
c. the mandate of heaven was a system based on the military while the millet system
was based on religion.
d. both the janissary and millet systems were based on religion.

1. how do the ottoman and mughal empires’ social hierarchies compare?

a. they are highly similar since both of their social hierarchies were based on religion.
b. they are highly similar since both of their social hierarchies were based on race.
c. they are highly different since the ottoman’s social hierarchy was established on
socioeconomic classes while the mughal’s hierarchy focused on religion.
d. they are highly different considering the ottoman’s had no hierarchy and the mughal’s
hierarchy was predominantly based on socioeconomic status and race.

1. overall, what were some reasons the islamic gunpowder empires fell?

a. the rise of the mongol and byzantine empires toppled over the islamic gunpowder
empires, leading to their weakening and ultimate fall.
b. their failure to modernize their economy and military developed a growing anger and
dislike from the empires’ societies towards their rulers, which added to their decline.
c. the increasing loyalty from the civilization to the rulers caused such rulers to grow their
own power, further developing strong dictatorships.
d. the modernization of gunpowder weaponry led to the conquest of the islamic
gunpowder empires; therefore, ending their rule just as the way it started.

Explanation:

Question 31

Land - based empires relied on land - related resources and activities. Naval control is more for maritime empires. Gold - salt trade was more of a trans - Saharan trade feature, and silk elaboration was part of some trade but not the main source of power and wealth for land - based empires. Trade routes (over land) and agriculture (which is land - based) were key sources of power and wealth for land - based empires. So option D is correct.

• Option A: The Divine Right of Kings is a religious justification for a monarch's rule (the king is chosen by God). The Devshirme system in the Ottoman Empire recruited Christian boys to become part of the military - administrative elite, so it was based on military elites. This is correct.
• Option B: The Daimyo system in Japan was a feudal system with military (samurai) elements, but the "Protestant - priest system" is not a recognized administrative system based on religion for empires.
• Option C: The Mandate of Heaven was a religious - philosophical justification for Chinese imperial rule, not military - based. The Millet system in the Ottoman Empire was based on religion (different religious communities had some autonomy). So this is wrong.
• Option D: The Janissary system was a military - based recruitment system, not religious - based. The Millet system was religious - based. So this is wrong.

• The Ottoman Empire's social hierarchy had different classes, but religion (Islam) also played a role, and the Mughal Empire's social hierarchy was also influenced by religion (Islam) and the ruling class (Mughals). However, both had social hierarchies that were highly influenced by religion. So they are highly similar in that aspect.
• Option B: Neither was based on race as a primary factor.
• Option C: The difference is not as described; both had religious influences.
• Option D: Both had social hierarchies. So option A is correct.

Answer:

D. Trade routes and agriculture.

Question 32