Question

30 multiple choice 10 points developmentally and evolutionarily, what type of tissue gives rise to bone? (so what type of tissue can differentiate into bone, and what type of animal structural support system eventually evolved into the bony skeleton of vertebrates?) cartilage muscle nervous adipose 31 multiple choice 10 points which of the following types of muscle tissue comprises the muscular layers of the digestive tract (such as in the intestines)? skeletal muscle cardiac muscle smooth muscle none of the above

Explanation:

Question 30

To determine the tissue that gives rise to bone developmentally and evolutionarily, we analyze each option:

• Cartilage: In vertebrate development, the endoskeleton starts as cartilage (e.g., in the embryonic stage), and over time, much of this cartilage is replaced by bone (endochondral ossification). Evolutionarily, the cartilaginous skeletal structures of early vertebrates (like jawless fish) evolved into the bony skeletons of later vertebrates.
• Muscle: Muscle tissue is for movement and does not give rise to bone.
• Nervous: Nervous tissue is for signal transmission and is unrelated to bone formation.
• Adipose: Adipose tissue stores fat and has no role in bone development/evolution.

So, cartilage is the correct tissue.

To identify the muscle tissue in the digestive tract's muscular layers:

• Skeletal muscle: Voluntary, attached to bones, not in the digestive tract's muscular layers.
• Cardiac muscle: Found only in the heart, not in the digestive tract.
• Smooth muscle: Involuntary, forms the muscular layers of internal organs like the intestines (part of the digestive tract) to facilitate peristalsis.
• "None of the above" is incorrect as smooth muscle is present.

Thus, smooth muscle is the correct answer.

Answer:

A. Cartilage

Question 31