Question

22.4. outline the steps of gamete formation in both males and females and fertilization in humans.
tina kold jensen and colleagues study human reproduction, especially in relation to denmarks current birth rate concerns. match the causes and effects related to human reproduction.
high alcohol consumption*
presence of bisphenol a (bpa)*
reproducing later in life*
decreased semen quality
increased risk of birth defects
decreased ova quality
increased levels of testosterone in males

Explanation:

• High alcohol consumption is associated with decreased semen quality. Alcohol can negatively impact sperm production, motility, and morphology.
• The presence of bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine - disrupting chemical, is linked to increased risk of birth defects. BPA can interfere with normal fetal development.
• Reproducing later in life is related to decreased ova quality. As women age, the quality and quantity of their eggs decline.

Answer:

• high alcohol consumption - decreased semen quality
• presence of bisphenol A (BPA) - increased risk of birth defects
• reproducing later in life - decreased ova quality