Question

1. use experience to evaluate (judge) a flood plan.

a. ignore past floods; rely on guesses only.
b. compare plan to last years neighborhood flooding.
c. choose whichever plan looks most colorful.
d. ask friends which logo they prefer.

1. which argument is logical and clearly reasoned?

a. do it because i said so.
b. do it because evidence supports success.
c. do it because everyone likes it.
d. do it because it feels fun.

1. using facts to reach conclusions (decision) demonstrates...

a. emotional thinking without supporting evidence.
b. guesswork based on personal preferences only.
c. bias favoring one side regardless of facts.
d. logical reasoning grounded in verified information.

1. identify the straw man fallacy.

a. misrepresenting an argument to make attacking easier.
b. staying on topic with accurate quotations.
c. citing sources carefully and fairly.
d. summarizing the claim without exaggeration.

1. identify the red herring in a debate about homework.

a. changing topics to cafeteria food choices.
b. presenting data on study quality and outcomes.
c. comparing policies across similar local schools.
d. explaining assignment goals and time requirements.

1. which option is a red herring during budget talks?

a. discussing hall decorations instead of funding needs.
b. listing teacher supply costs by department.
c. reporting last years spending by category.
d. evaluating essential programs and student services.

Explanation:

Question 20

To evaluate a flood plan using experience, we should use past flood - related experiences. Option A ignores past floods, so it's wrong. Option C and D are about non - relevant factors (colorful plan, logo preference) to flood plan evaluation. Option B compares the plan to last year's neighborhood flooding, which uses past flood experience.

A logical and clearly reasoned argument should be based on evidence. Option A is an authoritarian argument without reason. Option C is based on popularity, not logic. Option D is based on fun, not logic. Option B says to do it because evidence supports success, which is a logical and reasoned argument.

Using facts to reach conclusions means using verified information for logical reasoning. Option A is emotional thinking without evidence. Option B is guesswork based on preferences. Option C is bias ignoring facts. Option D says it's logical reasoning grounded in verified information, which matches using facts to reach conclusions.

Answer:

B. Compare plan to last year's neighborhood flooding.

Question 21