Question

the 1896 plessy v. ferguson ruling reinforced racial segregation, declaring that \separate but equal\ public spaces were constitutional.

• cultural renaissance: cultural movements like the harlem renaissance in the 1920s displayed african american creativity and culture. however, the great depression brought this time to an end and delayed civil rights reforms as the country underwent economic collapse.
• creating change: in the years leading up to world war ii, civil rights leader a. philip randolph planned a march on washington in 1941 to end discrimination in defense industry jobs. randolph knew that president franklin d. roosevelt didnt want a massive protest on his front lawn while the u.s. was about to enter world war ii, so he met with roosevelt to negotiate. the president conceded, issuing executive order 8802 to ban discrimination in defense industry and government jobs.

what was a. philip randolphs role in the civil rights movement before world war ii?
he had planned a march on washington, and pressured fdr into desegregating the defense industry.
he was the first african american senator and he used his power to advocate for black suffrage.
he sparked the montgomery bus boycott after being arrested for sitting in a white - only bus seat.

Explanation:

To determine A. Philip Randolph's role, we analyze the text: It states he planned a 1941 march on Washington to end discrimination in defense jobs, negotiated with FDR, and FDR issued Executive Order 8802 to desegregate defense industry jobs. The first option matches this. The second option is incorrect (he was not a senator for this context), and the third refers to Rosa Parks (sparked Montgomery bus boycott), not Randolph.

Answer:

A. He had planned a march on Washington, and pressured FDR into desegregating the defense industry.