Question

1. which types of arts pertaining from land - based empires were an example of the consolidation of power these empires had?

a. ottoman miniatures.
b. fine metalwork.
c. the non - religious paintings.
d. plastic art.

1. what was the function of having certain people being assigned the responsibility of collecting taxes and tributes for the empires? choose the best answer.

a. to raise an indirect revenue for the government, aiming to avoid the citizens being infuriated towards the government directly.
b. to incorporate the past royal classes in the government.
c. to create an elite class of individuals who would be highly loyal to the government, ultimately helping maintain the empire’s stability.
d. to interrupt the individual development of merchants.

1. what were some ways in which the european states consolidated their power?

a. the divine right of kings was used to legitimize the power of authorities as it provided them a religious connection with god and jesus.
b. the justices of the peace, implemented in england, had the purpose of settling legal disputes and serving the rulers.
c. the absolutist ideology was utilized to place absolute power on the ruler.
d. all of the above.

1. who were the main political figures of the ottoman empire?

a. babar, akbar, zamindar
b. osman bey, mehmed ii, suleiman i
c. confucius, mencius
d. isa çelebi, murad

Explanation:

Question 18

Ottoman miniatures were used by the Ottoman Empire (a land - based empire) to showcase imperial power, culture, and consolidate their authority through artistic representation. Fine metalwork is more general, non - religious paintings don't have a strong connection to land - based empire power consolidation, and plastic art is a modern art term not related to historical land - based empires' power consolidation.

Assigning people to collect taxes and tributes indirectly (instead of the government directly) helps prevent citizens from being directly angry at the government. Option B is not the main function of tax collectors, option C is not related to tax collection's main purpose, and option D is a negative and incorrect view of the purpose.

The Divine right of kings legitimized rulers' power (A), Justices of the Peace in England helped maintain order and serve rulers (B), and absolutist ideology centralized power on rulers (C). So all these were ways European states consolidated power.

Answer:

A. Ottoman miniatures.

Question 19