(in 1609) francis west and thirty - six men (sailed) up the chesapeake bay to try to trade for corn with the patawomeke indians.... although still part of powhatan’s confederacy, the tribe had seen less of the english than had those closer at hand and with luck might be more friendly. and so it proved. though west was able to load his (small ship) with grain, the success involved “some harshe and crewell dealinge by cutting of towe (two) of the salvages heads and other extremetyes.” the (ship) and her lifesaving cargo returned to (james towne).... no one doubted that this new supply of grain would help, but it would not be enough to last the winter. on the other hand, decided the ship’s crew, it was plenty to get them fatly home to england. so it was that francis west “by the perswasion or rather by the inforcement of his company hoysed up sayles” and headed out into the atlantic, leaving the colonists to the indians and to god.
document analysis
1. is this a primary source or a secondary source?
2. why did francis west sail up the chesapeake?
3. is there any evidence that the english forced the indians to trade their grain?
4. what eventually happened to the shipload of grain?
5. in what ways can you use this document to help answer the question: early jamestown: why did so many settlers die?

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Accepted Answer

### Question 1
# Brief Explanations:
A primary source is a direct account from the time period, while a secondary source interprets or analyzes primary sources. This document describes events from 1609, likely using historical records or accounts from that time, so it's a secondary source (as it's analyzing/relaying the events rather than being a firsthand written account from Francis West or the crew at the time, though if it were a firsthand narrative it would be primary; but given it's a document analyzing the event, it's secondary). Wait, actually, if it's a historical account based on primary materials, but the way it's presented (document analysis questions) suggests it's a secondary source summarizing primary events. Alternatively, if it's an excerpt from a primary document (like a journal from the time), it would be primary. But the context of "document analysis" questions implies it's a secondary source used for analysis.
# Answer:
This is a secondary source (if it's an analysis of the event) or primary (if it's a firsthand account). But likely secondary, as it's presenting the event for analysis, so: This is a secondary source. (Or if it's a primary source excerpt, then primary. But given the document analysis section, it's more likely a secondary source summarizing primary events.)

### Question 2
# Brief Explanations:
From the text: "Francis West and thirty - six men (sailed) up the Chesapeake Bay to try to trade for corn with the Patawomeke Indians". So the reason is to trade for corn (grain) with the Patawomeke Indians.
# Answer:
Francis West sailed up the Chesapeake to try to trade for corn (grain) with the Patawomeke Indians.

### Question 3
# Brief Explanations:
The text says the success involved "some harshe and Crewell dealinges by cutting of towe (two) of the Salvages heads and other extremityes". This suggests violent actions (cutting off heads) were used, which implies force was used to get the grain from the Indians.
# Answer:
Yes, there is evidence. The text mentions "some harshe and Crewell dealinges by cutting of towe (two) of the Salvages heads and other extremityes", which suggests the English used violence (force) to obtain the grain from the Indians.

### Question 4
# Brief Explanations:
From the text: "the ship's crew... decided... it was plenty to get them fatly home to England" and "Francis West... headed out into the Atlantic, leaving the colonists to the Indians and to God". So the shipload of grain was taken by Francis West and the crew back to England, leaving the colonists without enough grain for the winter.
# Answer:
The shipload of grain was taken by Francis West and the ship's crew back to England. They decided it was enough to get them back to England and left the colonists in Jamestown without enough grain for the winter.

### Question 5
# Brief Explanations:
This document shows that the colonists faced food shortages (the grain from West was not enough to last the winter, and then West took the remaining grain back to England). Also, the interaction with the Indians involved violence, which could have led to conflict and more deaths. So it helps answer why settlers died by showing food scarcity (insufficient grain supply, with the grain being taken to England) and potential conflict with Indians due to the harsh dealings, both of which contributed to settler deaths.
# Answer:
This document helps answer why so many settlers died by showing: 1. Food scarcity: The new supply of grain was not enough to last the winter, and then the ship's crew and Francis West took the grain back to England, leaving colonists with insufficient food. 2. Potential conflict with Indians: The "harshe and Crewell dealinges" (violent actions against Indians) could have led to Indian retaliation, increasing settler deaths. These factors (lack of food, conflict with Indians) are reasons why many settlers died in early Jamestown.

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