Question

1. in the diagram below, cells with an internal salt concentration of 5% are placed in two solutions. solution a has a salt concentration of 2%, and solution b has a salt concentration of 10 percent. which of the following gives the best prediction of what will happen to the cells when placed in each solution?

a the cells will swell in solution a and shrink in solution b.
b the cells will shrink in solution a and swell in solution b.
c the cells will shrink in both solutions.
d the cells will remain unchanged in both solutions.

1. the following diagram shows a dividing cell. which of the following best describes the process modeled in the diagram?

a the process of meiosis creates a sex cell.
b the process of mitosis creates an identical daughter cell.
c the process of cellular differentiation creates a mature somatic cell from a stem cell.
d the process of fertilization creates a zygote.

Explanation:

Question 16

To determine what happens to the cells, we use the concept of osmosis. Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi - permeable membrane from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration.

• For Solution A: The cell has a salt (solute) concentration of 5% and Solution A has a salt concentration of 2%. So, the water concentration is higher in Solution A than inside the cell. Water will move into the cell. When water moves into the cell, the cell will swell.
• For Solution B: The cell has a salt concentration of 5% and Solution B has a salt concentration of 10%. So, the water concentration is higher inside the cell than in Solution B. Water will move out of the cell. When water moves out of the cell, the cell will shrink.

Let's analyze each option:

• Option A: Meiosis is the process of cell division that produces sex cells (gametes) with half the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. The diagram shows a cell division process where the daughter cells seem to have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell (from the stages shown, like the alignment of chromosomes and the separation, which is characteristic of mitosis, not meiosis). So, this option is incorrect.
• Option B: Mitosis is the process of cell division that results in two daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell. The diagram shows the stages of mitosis: prophase (chromosomes condensing), metaphase (chromosomes aligning at the equator), anaphase (chromosomes separating), and telophase (cell dividing into two). In mitosis, the daughter cells are identical to the parent cell. This option matches the process shown in the diagram.
• Option C: Cellular differentiation is the process by which a cell changes to become a more specialized cell type. The diagram shows cell division, not differentiation. So, this option is incorrect.
• Option D: Fertilization is the process where a sperm and an egg fuse to form a zygote. The diagram shows cell division, not fertilization. So, this option is incorrect.

Answer:

A. The cells will swell in solution A and shrink in solution B.

Question 17