Question

1. by which process do mineral ions enter root hair cells of plants? *

osmosis
diffusion
transpiration
active transport

Explanation:

• Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from a region of higher water potential to a region of lower water potential across a semi - permeable membrane. It does not involve mineral ions.
• Diffusion is the movement of molecules (gas, liquid or solid) from a region of higher concentration to a region of lower concentration. Mineral ions usually move against a concentration gradient into root hair cells, so simple diffusion is not the main process.
• Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from plants (mainly through stomata). It is related to water movement and the pull of water in the xylem, not the uptake of mineral ions.
• Active transport is the movement of molecules or ions against a concentration gradient (from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration) using energy (usually in the form of ATP). Root hair cells often accumulate mineral ions against a concentration gradient, and active transport is the process by which mineral ions enter root hair cells.

Answer:

active transport