Question

1. compare and contrast reinforcement and punishment.

Explanation:

Reinforcement increases behavior likelihood (positive: add pleasant; negative: remove unpleasant). Punishment decreases behavior (positive: add unpleasant; negative: remove pleasant). Both affect behavior but in opposite ways.

Answer:

Reinforcement aims to increase behavior (positive: add stimulus; negative: remove stimulus). Punishment aims to decrease behavior (positive: add stimulus; negative: remove stimulus).