Question

1. fill in the blanks with the corresponding base pairs to transcribe the following dna sequence into rna. (3pts)
2. translate your rna sequence from question 14 into amino acids using the codon table. (3pts)
3. identify the role of mrna, trna, and rrna in protein synthesis. (3pts)
4. what is the result of transcription and where does it take place in the cell? (2pts)
5. what is the result of translation and where does it take place in the cell? (2pts)

b.h.2: structure and function of dna in cells

Explanation:

1. In transcription, DNA base pairs (A - T, C - G) are transcribed to RNA. However, in RNA, uracil (U) replaces thymine (T). So, for each DNA base:

• T (DNA) pairs with A (RNA)
• A (DNA) pairs with U (RNA)
• C (DNA) pairs with G (RNA)
• G (DNA) pairs with C (RNA)

1. After getting the RNA sequence from 14, we use the codon table. Each set of three RNA bases (codon) codes for an amino acid.
2. mRNA (messenger RNA) carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome. tRNA (transfer RNA) brings amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the codons on mRNA. rRNA (ribosomal RNA) is part of the ribosome structure and helps in the assembly of amino acids into proteins.
3. Transcription results in the formation of RNA (usually mRNA). It takes place in the nucleus (in eukaryotic cells).
4. Translation results in the formation of a polypeptide chain (protein). It takes place on the ribosome (in the cytoplasm, either free - floating or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum).

Answer:

1. AUGCAUGCA
2. (Depends on the codon table. For example, if the RNA is AUGCAUGCA, AUG is Methionine, CAU is Histidine, GCA is Alanine) Methionine - Histidine - Alanine
3. mRNA: Carries genetic code. tRNA: Brings amino acids. rRNA: Part of ribosome structure.
4. Result: RNA. Location: Nucleus (eukaryotes).
5. Result: Polypeptide (protein). Location: Ribosome (cytoplasm).