Question

12th grade pre-assessment 1 on a cold winter’s day in 1980, a group of recreational cavers entered a narrow, wet stream passage south of knoxville, tennessee. they navigated a slippery mud slope and a tight keyhole through the cave wall, trudged through the stream itself, ducked through another keyhole, and climbed more mud. eventually, they entered a high and relatively dry passage deep in the cave’s “dark zone” – beyond the reach of external light. on the walls around them, they began to see lines and figures traced into remnant mud banks laid down long ago when the stream flowed at this higher level. no modern or historic graffiti marred the surfaces. they saw images of animals, people, and transformational characters blending human characteristics with those of birds, and those of snakes with mammals. ancient cave art has long been one of the most compelling of all artifacts from the human past, fascinating both to scientists and to the public at large. its visual expressions resonate across the ages, as if the ancients speak to us from deep in time. remarkably, this group of cavers in 1980 had happened upon the first ancient cave art site in north america. since then, archaeologists like me have discovered dozens more of these cave art sites in the southeast. we’ve been able to learn details about when cave art first appeared in the region, when it was most frequently produced, and what it might have been used for. we have also learned a great deal by working with the living descendants of the cave art makers, the present-day native american peoples of the southeast, about what the cave art means and how important it was and is to indigenous communities. cave art in america? (c) a century before the tennessee cavers made their own discovery, the world’s first modern discovery assessment questions 1 ... 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ... 34 17 out of 34 answered question 18 what are two ways in which cave art changed throughout the three phases identified by the author? a. it became more colorful. b. it became more organized. c. it became more uncommon. d. it became more difficult to translate. e. it became more focused on real life. f. it became more focused on spiritualism.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option by inferring the evolution of cave art from the passage (even though full context of the three phases is needed, we use typical cave art development logic):

• Option A: The passage doesn’t mention color changes, so eliminate.
• Option B: Over time, cave art often becomes more structured/organized as techniques develop, a common trend.
• Option C: “More uncommon” is illogical (art forms spread/develop, not become rarer), eliminate.
• Option D: “Difficult to translate” is not a typical evolutionary trait, eliminate.
• Option E: Early cave art (like the images of animals/people) is real - life focused, but later shifts? Wait, no—wait, if we consider phases, maybe later becomes more spiritual? Wait, no, re - evaluating: If the three phases show a shift from simple to organized, and from real - life to spiritual? Wait, no, let's re - check. Wait, the passage’s cave art has “images of animals, people, and transformational characters (blending human with birds, snakes with mammals)”. If phases develop, “more organized” (B) makes sense as art becomes structured. “More focused on spiritualism” (F) also makes sense as transformational characters suggest spiritual themes, and over time, cave art often shifts to spiritual. But wait, the options: Let's re - assess. Wait, the question is about TWO ways. Let's think again.

Wait, the key is to find two options that align with cave art’s evolution. Typically, cave art evolves from less organized to more organized (B), and from real - life (animals, people) to spiritual (transformational, spiritual themes) (F). Wait, but E is “more focused on real life”—if early art is real - life, maybe later becomes spiritual (so F is correct, E is incorrect). Wait, maybe I made a mistake. Let's re - analyze:

• B (more organized): As cultures develop, art becomes more structured.
• F (more focused on spiritualism): Transformational characters (blending species) suggest spiritual/religious themes, so over time, art may shift to spiritual.

Answer:

B. It became more organized, F. It became more focused on spiritualism