Question

1. in \humans need to explore outer space,\ claudia alarcón builds ethos mainly by:

a. telling emotional stories about astronauts bravery
b. referring to scientific achievements and expert opinions
c. describing her personal fear of the unknown
d. criticizing robotic missions as failures

1. which of the following lines from \humans need to explore outer space\ best appeals to pathos?

a. \humans have always looked up at the stars and wondered what lies beyond.\
b. \it is a fact that human exploration drives innovation.\
c. \the technological advances from space exploration have practical benefits on earth.\
d.
obots can collect data, but they cant feel awe or courage.\

1. caffalls use of data and comparisons about robotic capabilities represents a strong appeal to:

a. logos
b. pathos
c. ethos
d. authority

1. how do both authors use pathos differently?

a. alarcón uses it to inspire excitement; caffall uses it to appeal to fear of loss.
b. alarcón uses it to promote science; caffall avoids emotion entirely.
c. both rely mainly on logic, not emotion.
d. both use humor to lighten their arguments.

1. in \humans need to explore outer space,\ alarcón uses the word \explore.\

what is the connotation of this word in her essay?
a. to travel aimlessly through space
b. to analyze data in a controlled environment
c. to discover and push boundaries with courage and curiosity
d. to repeat experiments for accuracy

Explanation:

• Question 11: Ethos is built by credibility. Referring to scientific achievements and expert opinions (Option B) provides credibility.
• Question 12: Pathos appeals to emotion. "Robots can’t feel awe or courage" (Option D) evokes an emotional response.
• Question 13: Logos is an appeal to logic. Data and comparisons (Option A) are logical elements.
• Question 14: Alarcón inspires excitement (pathos as in wonder of exploration), Caffall appeals to fear of loss (robots lacking emotion). Option A is correct.
• Question 15: In the context of exploration, "explore" connotes discovery with courage and curiosity (Option C).

Answer:

1. B. Referring to scientific achievements and expert opinions
2. D. "Robots can collect data, but they can’t feel awe or courage."
3. A. Logos
4. A. Alarcón uses it to inspire excitement; Caffall uses it to appeal to fear of loss.
5. C. To discover and push boundaries with courage and curiosity