Question

1. how were americans influenced by the growth of railroads during the second industrial revolution?

a. railroads led to shortages of raw materials for factories and of workers on farms.
b. railroads stimulated the construction of steamships to trade up and down rivers.
c. railroads created time zones, the growth of cities, and the first truly national market.
d. railroads caused cotton, rice, and wheat production to move from the southeast to the west coast.

1. the diagram on the right compares two industrial revolutions.

which phrase completes the diagram?
a. mass production of goods
b. changes in a market economy
c. new methods of telecommunication
d. successful entrepreneurs gain great wealth

Explanation:

Question 11

• Option A: Railroads actually improved transportation of raw materials, so this is incorrect.
• Option B: Steamboats were more prominent in the First Industrial Revolution, and railroads had a different impact, so this is wrong.
• Option C: Railroads led to the creation of time zones (for scheduling trains), growth of cities (as transportation hubs), and a national market (easier movement of goods across the country). This is correct.
• Option D: There was no major shift of cotton, rice, and wheat production from the Southeast to the West Coast due to railroads. This is incorrect.

• Option A: Mass production of goods was more associated with the First Industrial Revolution (e.g., with the introduction of factories).
• Option B: Changes in a market economy is too broad and not specific to the Second Industrial Revolution's unique aspect (the Bessemer process is related to steel production, which was part of mass - scale industrial production).
• Option C: New methods of telecommunication (like the telegraph) were more of a First Industrial Revolution or early Second Industrial Revolution (but not directly related to the Bessemer process).
• Option D: The Bessemer process was a key innovation in the Second Industrial Revolution that allowed for mass - scale steel production. This, along with other innovations, contributed to entrepreneurs (e.g., Carnegie in steel) gaining great wealth.

Answer:

C. Railroads created time zones, the growth of cities, and the first truly national market.

Question 12