Question

11 a direct scientific observation is one that is made
○ as future events are predicted
○ when research is completed on previous occurences
○ as the event happens
○ when a hypothesis is validated

Explanation:

A direct scientific observation is made as the event happens. Predicting future events (first option) is not direct observation. Completing research on previous occurrences (second option) is analysis, not direct observation. Validating a hypothesis (fourth option) comes after observation.

Answer:

as the event happens