Question

1. the turmoil in post - hussein iraq illustrates what about the forces that sustain democracy?

respect for popular sovereignty is sufficient to sustain democracy.
the existence of a large middle class is sufficient to sustain democracy.
democratic government cannot function effectively if disagreeing factions fight with each other instead of trusting political leaders to resolve their disagreements.

Explanation:

In post - Hussein Iraq, the lack of a stable political environment where different factions could work together (as opposed to fighting) under a democratic framework is a key aspect. A democratic government relies on institutions and a political culture where differences are resolved through political means (like representatives) rather than violent or uncoordinated factional fighting. The existence of a large middle class (while important in some democratic theories) is not the main issue here. And respect for popular sovereignty alone is not sufficient if there is no mechanism (like a functional democratic government with institutions to handle disagreements) to implement it.

Answer:

Democratic government cannot function effectively if disagreeing factions fight with each other instead of trusting political leaders to resolve their disagreements.