Question

1. sympathetic fibers arise only from the ______ region(s) of the spinal cord.

a) thoracic
b) cervical and thoracic
c) cervical
d) lumbar
e) thoracic and lumbar

1. which of the following cranial nerves is mispaired?

a) abducens - v
b) facial - vii
c) oculomotor - iii
d) accessory - xi

1. gray rami carry ______ neurons.

a) myelinated, sympathetic
b) myelinated, parasympathetic
c) unmyelinated, sympathetic
d) unmyelinated, parasympathetic

1. in the sensory pathway, second - order neurons synapse with third - order neurons in the ______.

a) precentral gyrus of the cerebrum
b) posterior root ganglion
c) medulla oblongata
d) thalamus
e) basal nuclei

1. which of the following is not a characteristic of csf?

a) it is formed in an embryo but no longer produced when one is an adult
b) it protects the brain from striking the cranium when the head is jolted
c) it regulates the chemical environment of the nervous tissue
d) it reduces the brains apparent weight, i.e. it provides buoyancy

1. which structures create the blood brain barrier (bbb)?

a) gap junctions between ependymal cells and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
b) tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
c) gap junctions between microglia and endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
d) gap junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
e) desmosomes between astrocytes and ependymal cells that form the capillary walls

1. which of the following is a property of reflexes?

a) reflexes are quick responses of the nervous system.
b) reflex responses are very predictable (i.e. they are preprogrammed).
c) reflexes require a stimulus.
d) reflexes are involuntary.
e) all of the above are characteristics of reflexes.

1. the right and left cerebral hemispheres are separated from each other by ______.

a) the brainstem
b) the longitudinal fissure
c) many sulci
d) many gyri
e) the corpora quadrigemina

1. planning, concentration, decision making, and motor control are functions of the brain associated with which part of the cerebrum?

a) parietal lobe
b) occipital lobe
c) temporal lobe
d) insula
e) frontal lobe

Explanation:

• Question 10: Sympathetic fibers originate from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.
• Question 11: The Abducens nerve is cranial nerve VI, not V.
• Question 12: Gray rami carry unmyelinated sympathetic neurons.
• Question 13: Second - order neurons synapse with third - order neurons in the thalamus in the sensory pathway.
• Question 14: CSF is continuously produced in adults.
• Question 15: Tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls create the blood - brain barrier.
• Question 16: Reflexes are quick, predictable, require a stimulus, and are involuntary.
• Question 17: The longitudinal fissure separates the right and left cerebral hemispheres.
• Question 18: Planning, concentration, decision making, and motor control are functions of the frontal lobe.

Answer:

1. E. thoracic and lumbar
2. A. Abducens - V
3. C. unmyelinated, sympathetic
4. D. thalamus
5. A. It is formed in an embryo but no longer produced when one is an adult
6. B. Tight junctions between endothelial cells that form the capillary walls
7. E. All of the above are characteristics of reflexes
8. B. the longitudinal fissure
9. E. Frontal lobe