Question

1. proteins: question answer what are the 4 elements that make up proteins? what are the monomers of proteins? what are the functions of proteins in an organism? (list them all) part c: read the case study: analyzing data on page 54 then answer the following questions: 11. look at the evidence in the table. question: is the importance of an element in the body related to its percentage of body weight? in the box below, answer this question and give at least 2 specific examples from the table to support your answer. 12. a student claims that the four types of macromolecules (carbs, lipids, nucleic acids, & proteins) make up all of the important compounds of the human body. provide evidence from the table to support or refute this claim.

Explanation:

1. The four elements that make up proteins are carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. Proteins are macromolecules essential for life, and these elements form the basis of their structure.
2. The monomers of proteins are amino - acids. Amino acids link together through peptide bonds to form polypeptide chains, which fold into functional proteins.
3. The functions of proteins in an organism include:

• Enzymatic catalysis: Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in the body, like amylase which breaks down starch.
• Structural support: Proteins such as collagen provide structure to tissues like skin and bone.
• Transport: Hemoglobin in red blood cells transports oxygen throughout the body.
• Defense: Antibodies are proteins that help the immune system fight off pathogens.
• Regulation: Hormonal proteins like insulin regulate blood - sugar levels.

1. Regarding question 11, without seeing the table, it's hard to say for sure. But in general, an element's importance in the body may not always be directly related to its percentage of body weight. For example, iron is present in small amounts but is crucial for oxygen transport via hemoglobin, while calcium is abundant and important for bone health.
2. Regarding question 12, the claim that the four types of macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and proteins) make up all of the important compounds of the human body is false. There are other important compounds like water, which is vital for many physiological processes, and various ions (such as sodium, potassium, and chloride) that are essential for nerve function and fluid balance.

Answer:

1. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
2. Amino - acids
3. Enzymatic catalysis, structural support, transport, defense, regulation
4. Without table information, general example: Iron is important in small amounts for oxygen transport; calcium is abundant and important for bone health
5. False. Water and various ions are also important compounds in the human body.