QUESTION IMAGE
Question
**10 figure h shows a straight optical fibre. the reflective indices of the core and the cladding are ( n_1 ) and ( n_2 ) respectively, and ( n_1>n_2 ).
for a ray of light passing from one end of the fibre to the other end without leaking from the core, if the minimum time needed is ( t ), what is the maximum time needed?
a ( \frac{t}{n_1} )
b ( \frac{t}{n_2} )
c ( \frac{n_1}{n_2}t )
d ( \frac{n_2}{n_1}t )
Step1: 求光在光纖中的速度
根據折射率公式\(n = \frac{c}{v}\)(\(c\)為真空中光速,\(v\)為介質中光速),可得光在光纖核心中的速度\(v=\frac{c}{n_1}\)。
Step2: 求光沿直線傳播(無全反射)時的最短時間\(T\)
設光纖長度為\(L\),光沿直線傳播(無全反射)時,路程\(s = L\),由\(v=\frac{c}{n_1}\)和\(t=\frac{s}{v}\),可得\(T=\frac{L}{\frac{c}{n_1}}=\frac{n_1L}{c}\)。
Step3: 求光發生全反射時的最大路程\(s_{max}\)
當光發生全反射時,設臨界角為\(C\),\(\sin C=\frac{n_2}{n_1}\)。根據幾何關係,光在光纖中傳播的路程\(s_{max}=\frac{L}{\sin C}\)(\(L\)為光纖長度),將\(\sin C=\frac{n_2}{n_1}\)代入,得\(s_{max}=\frac{n_1L}{n_2}\)。
Step4: 求光發生全反射時的最大時間\(t_{max}\)
光在光纖核心中的速度\(v=\frac{c}{n_1}\),根據\(t=\frac{s}{v}\),此時\(s = s_{max}=\frac{n_1L}{n_2}\),\(v=\frac{c}{n_1}\),則\(t_{max}=\frac{\frac{n_1L}{n_2}}{\frac{c}{n_1}}=\frac{n_1^2L}{n_2c}\)。
Step5: 用\(T\)表示\(t_{max}\)
由\(T=\frac{n_1L}{c}\),可得\(L=\frac{Tc}{n_1}\),代入\(t_{max}=\frac{n_1^2L}{n_2c}\)中,\(t_{max}=\frac{n_1^2\cdot\frac{Tc}{n_1}}{n_2c}=\frac{n_1T}{n_2}\)。
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C. \(\frac{n_1T}{n_2}\)