Question

open-ended questions: answer the following questions in 2-3 complete sentences.

1. why did karl marx criticize capitalism, and what did he hope would happen in society?
2. how did stalin gain and keep power after lenins death?
3. why is understanding the russian revolution important for reading animal farm?

Explanation:

Question 11

Marx criticized capitalism for exploiting workers (bourgeoisie vs proletariat class struggle, surplus value). He hoped for proletarian revolution, leading to a classless, communist society with shared resources.

After Lenin’s death, Stalin outmaneuvered rivals (e.g., Trotsky) via political alliances, propaganda, and purges. He centralized power through the Communist Party, industrialization/collectivization, and eliminating opposition.

Animal Farm is an allegory for the Russian Revolution: animals represent revolutionaries (e.g., pigs = Bolsheviks, Napoleon = Stalin), showing revolution’s corruption. Understanding the revolution clarifies the novel’s satire of power, idealism, and totalitarianism.

Answer:

Karl Marx criticized capitalism for creating class inequality and exploiting workers (proletariat) for surplus value by the bourgeoisie. He hoped the proletariat would revolt, leading to a classless communist society with shared production and resources.

Question 12