dna: how you make you! review
. the process of making mrna from dna is called ______________.
. dna is made of these subunits.
. nucleotides are made up of these 3 parts.
. the sugar in dna is ______________.
. the copying of dna is called ______________.
. this rna molecule moves amino acids to ribosomes.
. name the base not found in dna.
. during translation, a ribosome first binds to what type of rna?
. transcription occurs where in the cell?
10. each triplet of mrna bases is called a ______________.
11. translation occurs in this part of the cell.
12. rna is single or double stranded?
13. adenine always pairs with ______________ in a dna molecule.
14. dna is in the shape of a ______________.
15. the two parts of a nucleotide that make up the backbone (sides) of a dna molecule.
16. the monomers that make up proteins are called ______________.
17. write the complementary dna sequence for taccgcata.
18. write the sequence of mrna that would be made from the above dna molecule.
19. using the chart, write the name of the amino acids that would be produced from the strand of mrna above.

Question

Accepted Answer

Let's solve these questions one by one:

### Question 1
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall DNA to mRNA process
The process of making mRNA from DNA is called transcription. Transcription is the first step of gene expression, where the DNA sequence is copied into mRNA by RNA polymerase.
# Answer:
transcription

### Question 2
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall DNA structure
DNA is made of subunits called nucleotides. Each nucleotide consists of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.
# Answer:
nucleotides

### Question 3
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall nucleotide components
Nucleotides are made up of three parts: a sugar (deoxyribose in DNA, ribose in RNA), a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine in DNA; adenine, uracil, cytosine, guanine in RNA).
# Answer:
sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

### Question 4
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall DNA sugar
The sugar in DNA is deoxyribose. It is a pentose sugar (5 - carbon sugar) that lacks an oxygen atom on the 2' carbon compared to ribose (the sugar in RNA).
# Answer:
deoxyribose

### Question 5
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall DNA copying process
The copying of DNA is called DNA replication. It is a semi - conservative process where each new DNA molecule consists of one old (template) strand and one new strand.
# Answer:
DNA replication

### Question 6
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall RNA types and functions
The RNA molecule that moves amino acids to ribosomes is transfer RNA (tRNA). tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with the mRNA codon and carries the corresponding amino acid.
# Answer:
transfer RNA (tRNA)

### Question 7
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall DNA and RNA bases
In DNA, the bases are adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). In RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil (U). So the base not found in DNA is uracil (U).
# Answer:
uracil (U)

### Question 8
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall translation initiation
During translation, a ribosome first binds to messenger RNA (mRNA). The ribosome recognizes the start codon (usually AUG) on the mRNA to begin the process of translation.
# Answer:
messenger RNA (mRNA)

### Question 9
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall transcription location
Transcription occurs in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. In prokaryotes, it occurs in the cytoplasm since they do not have a nucleus. In eukaryotes, DNA is located in the nucleus, and RNA polymerase accesses the DNA there to synthesize mRNA.
# Answer:
nucleus (in eukaryotes); cytoplasm (in prokaryotes)

### Question 10
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall mRNA codon definition
Each triplet of mRNA bases is called a codon. Codons code for specific amino acids during the process of translation. For example, AUG is the start codon and codes for methionine.
# Answer:
codon

### Question 11
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall translation location
Translation occurs in the ribosomes, which are either free in the cytoplasm or attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Ribosomes are the sites where amino acids are assembled into proteins according to the mRNA sequence.
# Answer:
ribosomes (in the cytoplasm or on the rough ER)

### Question 12
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall RNA structure
RNA is single - stranded. Unlike DNA which is double - stranded (double helix), RNA exists as a single strand. This single - stranded nature allows it to fold into various secondary structures.
# Answer:
single - stranded

### Question 13
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall DNA base pairing
In a DNA molecule, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T) through two hydrogen bonds. Guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C) through three hydrogen bonds.
# Answer:
thymine (T)

### Question 14
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall DNA structure
DNA is in the shape of a double helix. The double helix structure was discovered by Watson and Crick, and it consists of two strands of nucleotides twisted around each other.
# Answer:
double helix

### Question 15
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall DNA backbone components
The two parts of a nucleotide that make up the backbone (sides) of a DNA molecule are the sugar (deoxyribose) and the phosphate group. These alternate along the length of the DNA strand, with the nitrogenous bases projecting inward.
# Answer:
sugar (deoxyribose) and phosphate group

### Question 16
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall protein monomers
The monomers that make up proteins are called amino acids. There are 20 different amino acids that can be combined in different sequences to form a wide variety of proteins.
# Answer:
amino acids

### Question 17
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall DNA base pairing rules
In DNA, A pairs with T, T pairs with A, C pairs with G, and G pairs with C. Given the DNA sequence TACCGCATA, we can find the complementary sequence by replacing each base with its complementary base.
- T (thymine) pairs with A (adenine)
- A (adenine) pairs with T (thymine)
- C (cytosine) pairs with G (guanine)
- C (cytosine) pairs with G (guanine)
- G (guanine) pairs with C (cytosine)
- C (cytosine) pairs with G (guanine)
- A (adenine) pairs with T (thymine)
- T (thymine) pairs with A (adenine)
- A (adenine) pairs with T (thymine)

So the complementary DNA sequence for TACCGCATA is ATGGCGTAT.
# Answer:
ATGGCGTAT

### Question 18
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall transcription (DNA to mRNA) base pairing
During transcription, DNA is used as a template to make mRNA. In RNA, thymine (T) is replaced by uracil (U). So we use the DNA sequence TACCGCATA and replace T with U, and pair A with U, C with G, G with C as follows:
- DNA base T → mRNA base U
- DNA base A → mRNA base U
- DNA base C → mRNA base G
- DNA base C → mRNA base G
- DNA base G → mRNA base C
- DNA base C → mRNA base G
- DNA base A → mRNA base U
- DNA base T → mRNA base A
- DNA base A → mRNA base U

So the mRNA sequence from the DNA sequence TACCGCATA is AUGGCGUAU.
# Answer:
AUGGCGUAU

### Question 19
# Explanation:
## Step1: Recall codon - amino acid mapping
We use the mRNA sequence AUGGCGUAU. We break it into codons: AUG, GCG, UAU.
- AUG: The start codon, which codes for methionine (Met)
- GCG: Codes for alanine (Ala)
- UAU: Codes for tyrosine (Tyr)

(Note: The actual amino acid for a codon can be determined from a genetic code chart, which is a standard table that shows the correspondence between mRNA codons and the amino acids they code for.)
# Answer:
methionine (Met), alanine (Ala), tyrosine (Tyr)

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QUESTION IMAGE

Question

Explanation:

Question 1

Step1: Recall DNA to mRNA process

Step1: Recall DNA structure

Step1: Recall nucleotide components

Answer:

Question 2