Question

the duplication of dna is called ____, the copying of dna to mrna is called __, and the reading of the mrna by the cell to make a protein is called ____.

○ replication; translation; transcription
○ replication; transcription; translation
○ mitosis; duplication; protein synthesis
○ interphase; replication; active transport
○ reproduction; duplication; initiation

Explanation:

1. Recall the definitions of key processes in molecular biology:

• DNA duplication is called replication (where DNA makes an identical copy of itself).
• Copying DNA to mRNA is transcription (the genetic information in DNA is transcribed into mRNA).
• Reading mRNA to make a protein is translation (the mRNA sequence is translated into an amino acid sequence, i.e., a protein).

1. Analyze each option:

• Option 1: Incorrect order (translation and transcription are swapped).
• Option 2: Matches the correct definitions (replication for DNA duplication, transcription for DNA to mRNA, translation for mRNA to protein).
• Option 3: Mitosis is cell division, duplication is not the term for DNA to mRNA, protein synthesis is the overall process but the terms are incorrect here.
• Option 4: Interphase is a cell cycle stage, active transport is for molecules, not related.
• Option 5: Reproduction is for organisms, duplication and initiation are incorrect terms for these processes.

Answer:

B. replication; transcription; translation (assuming the second option is labeled B, as per the standard multiple - choice labeling where the correct option is the one with replication, transcription, translation in order)