Question

1. however, if instead a police office pulls me over for speeding and gives me a ticket, then i have received something bad or have been given (negative reinforcement or punishment).
2. by not getting a ticket, when i drive over the speed limit, my fast driving has been (a)encouraged or b)discouraged)
3. if you study for a test and receive an a, your studying behavior has been encouraged because the grade of an a is getting something good so is reinforcement (a) positive or negative).
4. you set you alarm clock in order to get to work on time. we all wish to get to work on time so our boss does not get upset. avoiding getting your boss upset is a type of payoff that involves avoiding something bad so is a reinforcement (positive or negative)

53 - 54. our voluntary behaviors can be encouraged in two ways—by reinforcement.

1. if you are encouraged to study so to avoid getting an f, that consequence is a reinforcement.
2. if you agree to help a friend so that they won’t get upset, that consequence is reinforcement?
3. if you take an aspirin to get rid of headache, that is reinforcement.
4. however, if you eat pizza because it tastes good, that consequence is reinforcement.
5. punishment is the opposite of negative reinforcement. punishment is getting something bad. negative reinforcement means something bad.
6. punishment discourages behavior. when you get criticized at work, that consequence is called because it discourages behavior (punishment or negative reinforcement).
7. but if you work hard to avoid criticism, that’s reinforcement.
8. negative reinforcement encourages behavior whereas punishment it.
9. extinction refers to getting no response when you do something. for example, if you leave a message for a friend and they never call back, your call received.
10. because you never got a call back from your friend, will you tend to be encouraged or discouraged from calling them again? (circle one)

65 - 66. so the two types of consequences that discourage behavior are
70 - 71. define punishment and give an original example.

Explanation:

Positive reinforcement involves getting something good to encourage behavior. Negative reinforcement is avoiding something bad to encourage behavior. Punishment is getting something bad to discourage behavior. Extinction is lack - of response which discourages behavior.

1. Not getting a ticket (avoiding bad) is negative reinforcement.
2. Getting an A (good thing) is positive reinforcement.
3. Avoiding boss's anger (avoiding bad) is negative reinforcement.

53 - 54. Voluntary behaviors can be encouraged by positive and negative reinforcement.

1. Avoiding an F (avoiding bad) is negative reinforcement.
2. Avoiding friend's upset (avoiding bad) is negative reinforcement.
3. Getting rid of headache (avoiding bad) is negative reinforcement.
4. Eating pizza as it tastes good (getting good) is positive reinforcement.
5. Negative reinforcement means avoiding something bad.
6. Criticism at work (getting bad) is punishment.
7. Avoiding criticism (avoiding bad) is negative reinforcement.
8. Punishment discourages behavior.
9. No response is extinction.
10. Discouraged as there's no call - back (extinction).

65 - 66. Punishment and extinction discourage behavior.
70 - 71. Punishment is getting something bad to discourage behavior. Example: A child is grounded (losing freedom) for misbehaving.

Answer:

1. negative reinforcement
2. a)encouraged
3. negative

53 - 54. positive; negative

1. negative
2. negative
3. negative
4. positive
5. avoiding
6. punishment
7. negative
8. discourages
9. extinction
10. discouraged

65 - 66. punishment; extinction
70 - 71. Punishment is getting something bad to discourage behavior. Example: A student gets detention for being late to school.