Question

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1. research participants sometimes try to present themselves as more helpful, restrained, or sober than they would be in real life. this is known as ______.

distortion bias
sample bias
social desirability bias
experimenter bias

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1. researchers seek to improve ____ validity by having a good cover story and creating high - quality control conditions.

participant
external
correlational
internal

Explanation:

Question 3

Social desirability bias is when participants present themselves in a more socially acceptable way (helpful, restrained, sober) than they are in reality. Distortion bias is not a standard term here, sample bias relates to sampling issues, and experimenter bias is about the researcher's influence.

Internal validity is about the accuracy of cause - effect in a study. A good cover story and quality control conditions help reduce confounding factors, improving internal validity. Participant validity is not a standard term, external validity is about generalizability, and correlational validity is not relevant here.

Answer:

C. social desirability bias

Question 4