Question

question 1
2 pts
fertilization is a process by which
cells receive a nutrient-rich solution from the blood.
diploid cells divide to become haploid cells.
two cells, each from a different individual, unite to form one new cell.
question 2
2 pts
a gardener received a pea plant from her neighbor, and she wants to know its genotype. the neighbor told her it produces round peas, which is a dominant trait (r) to wrinkled peas (r). the gardener performs a test cross and observes that half of the offspring plants produce wrinkled peas. what is the genotype of the plant she received from her neighbor?
homozygous dominant, rr
heterozygous, rr
homozygous recessive, rr

Explanation:

Question 1

• Option 1: Cells receiving nutrients from blood is not fertilization (that's nutrient uptake).
• Option 2: Diploid to haploid is meiosis, not fertilization.
• Option 3: Fertilization is the union of two gametes (cells from different individuals, usually) to form a zygote (new cell). So this matches.

• A test cross is with a homozygous recessive (rr).
• If the unknown was RR (homozygous dominant), all offspring would be Rr (round), no wrinkled.
• If unknown was Rr (heterozygous), crossing with rr: 50% Rr (round), 50% rr (wrinkled), which matches the observation.
• If unknown was rr, it would produce wrinkled peas, but the plant has round peas (dominant), so rr is impossible.

Answer:

C. two cells, each from a different individual, unite to form one new cell.

Question 2