Question

view passage 1
from \the power of nonviolence,\ a speech by martin luther king, jr., june 04, 1957

another thing that we had to get over was the fact that the nonviolent resister does not seek to humiliate or defeat the opponent but to win his friendship and understanding. this was always a cry that we had to set before people that our aim is not to defeat the white community, not to humiliate the white community, but to win the friendship of all of the persons who had perpetrated this system in the past. the end of violence or the aftermath of violence is bitterness. the aftermath of nonviolence is reconciliation and the creation of a beloved community. a boycott is never an end within itself. it is merely a means to awaken a sense of shame within the oppressor but the end is reconciliation, the end is redemption.

another basic thing we had to get over is that nonviolent resistance is also an internal matter. it not only avoids external violence or external physical violence but also internal violence of spirit. and so at the center of our movement stood the philosophy of love. the attitude that the only way to ultimately change humanity and make the society that we all long for is to keep love at the center of

mark to review later question 19/25
which choice is an argument king gives to counter the opposing claim that nonviolent protest is ineffective?

• the final goal of protest is changing an evil system, and nonviolence is the only way to react to evil.
• some nonviolent protests are ineffective, but only because they dont have love at the center.
• the aftermath of violence is bitterness; the aftermath of nonviolence is reconciliation and the creation of community.
• violence brings about temporary change, whereas nonviolence brings about permanent change.

Explanation:

To solve this, we analyze each option against the passage. The opposing claim is that nonviolent protest is ineffective. We need to find King's counter - argument.

• Option 1: Talks about the goal of protest and nonviolence as the only way to react to evil, but not directly about the effectiveness of nonviolent protest.
• Option 2: Discusses why some nonviolent protests are ineffective, which is not a counter - argument to the claim that nonviolent protest is ineffective.
• Option 3: Compares the aftermath of violence (bitterness) with nonviolence (reconciliation and community creation). This shows that nonviolent protest has a positive outcome, countering the idea that it is ineffective.
• Option 4: Compares the duration of change (temporary for violence, permanent for nonviolence), but the passage does not mention the duration of change as a point. It focuses on the aftermath (reconciliation etc.).

Answer:

C. The aftermath of violence is bitterness; the aftermath of nonviolence is reconciliation and the creation of community