Question

the right wing should be ______.
a) up, down
b) down, up
c) neither of these

1. in order to roll the airplane to the left, the right aileron should be ________ and the left

a) down, up
b) none of theses
c) up, down

1. in order to make the nose of the airplane pitch down the elevator should be ______.

a) down
b) straight
c) up
d) right
e) left

Explanation:

Question 12 (Airplane Roll - Ailerons)

To roll an airplane left, the right aileron moves down (increasing lift on the right wing, causing it to rise) and the left aileron moves up (decreasing lift on the left wing, causing it to lower). Wait, no—wait, aileron operation: when rolling left, the right aileron goes down (so right wing gets more lift, rises) and left aileron goes up (left wing gets less lift, drops). Wait, the options: option a is "down, up" (right down, left up) – but wait, the question is "the right aileron should be __ and the left [aileron]..." Wait, the options for 12: a) down, up; c) up, down. Wait, correction: Aileron principle: to roll left, right aileron down (increases camber, lift on right wing) and left aileron up (decreases camber, lift on left wing). Wait, no—actually, when you move the control stick left, the left aileron goes up (decreases lift on left wing, so left wing drops) and right aileron goes down (increases lift on right wing, so right wing rises). So the right aileron is down, left is up. But the options for 12: the first blank is right aileron, second is left. So option a is "down, up" – but wait, the original question's options: let's recheck. The question is "In order to roll the airplane to the left, the right aileron should be __ and the left [aileron]..." The options are a) down, up; c) up, down. Wait, no—maybe I mixed up. Wait, aileron movement: when you want to roll left (bank left), the left aileron goes up (reduces lift on left wing, so left wing descends) and right aileron goes down (increases lift on right wing, so right wing ascends). So right aileron is down, left is up. So the answer for 12 (right aileron) is down, left is up. So option a? Wait, no—wait the options for 12: a) down, up; c) up, down. Wait, maybe the question's left aileron part is cut off, but the first blank is right aileron. Wait, maybe the correct answer is a) down, up? Wait, no—wait, let's recall: Ailerons work in opposition. To roll left, left aileron up (decreases lift, left wing drops), right aileron down (increases lift, right wing rises). So right aileron is down, left is up. So the answer for the right aileron (first blank) is down, and left is up. So option a: "down, up" would be right aileron down, left up. So that's correct. Wait, but maybe I made a mistake. Alternatively, maybe the answer is c) up, down? No, that would be right aileron up (decreases lift, right wing drops) and left down (increases lift, left wing rises), which would roll right. So to roll left, right aileron down, left up. So answer a) down, up.

Question 13 (Airplane Pitch - Elevator)

To pitch the nose down, the elevator (which controls pitch) should be down. Wait, no—elevator movement: when elevator is down, the tail is pushed up, so the nose pitches down. Wait, no: elevator is a control surface on the tail. If the elevator moves down, the tail's lift increases (since the elevator is part of the horizontal stabilizer), pushing the tail up, which causes the nose to pitch down. Conversely, elevator up pushes tail down, nose up. So to pitch nose down, elevator should be down? Wait, the options for 13: a) down; b) straight; c) up; d) right; e) left. Wait, no—wait, maybe I got it reversed. Wait, the elevator: when you want to pitch down (nose down), you move the control yoke forward, which moves the elevator down (on the tail). Wait, no—actually, the elevator's deflection: if the elevator is deflected down (trailing edge down), the tail's airfoil creates more lift, pushing the tail up, so the nose goes down. So yes, elevator down makes nose pitch down. So the answer is a) down. Wait, but let's confirm: Elevator function: down elevator (trailing edge down) → tail lift increases → tail moves up → nose pitches down. Up elevator → tail lift decreases → tail moves down → nose pitches up. So to pitch nose down, elevator should be down (option a).

Answer:

(Question 12):
a) down, up