Question

central idea
recently, a group of psychologists and anthropologists began questioning the methodology and assumptions built-in to the experiments of the 60s and developed a new plan to test the old research.
when people living in isolated cultures, including in papua new guinea, were shown pictures of westerners with different facial expressions, they successfully named the same emotion westerners named.
the new theory acknowledges that the limited ways facial muscles move creates a universal template of human expressions; but different cultures then filter these templates uniquely, creating varying meanings.
supporting idea or detail
the scientists embedded themselves in local culture, lived with families, and accepted clan names so that they didn’t need to rely on translators or local guides to conduct their experiments.
in one standout difference, the specific expression that western cultures associate with fear and submission—“wide-eyes, parted lips, gasping face”—the trobrianders all agreed showed anger.
known as the “universality” theory, experiments in the 1960s concluded that all facial expressions—sadness, happiness, surprise, and so on—are universally understood across cultures around the world.

Explanation:

Since the problem is not clearly stated (e.g., it could be a matching task, a question about the content, etc.), we need more details. But assuming it's a matching task between central ideas and supporting details, here's how we can analyze:

For the first central idea:

• Central Idea: Psychologists and anthropologists questioned old research methods and developed a new plan.
• Supporting Detail: The scientists embedded themselves in local culture... This makes sense as the new plan's methodology (how they conducted the new research to test old assumptions).

For the second central idea:

• Central Idea: Isolated culture people (like in Papua New Guinea) named Western facial expressions' emotions similarly but with a difference.
• Supporting Detail: The Trobrianders' different interpretation of the "fear/submission" expression shows the cultural difference in facial expression interpretation, which supports the idea of both similarity (successfully named same emotion) and difference (one standout difference in interpretation).

For the third central idea:

• Central Idea: New theory about universal facial expression templates filtered by culture.
• Supporting Detail: The "universality" theory from the 60s (old theory) is contrasted, and the new theory builds on it (acknowledges universal template but with cultural filtering), so the 60s experiments' conclusion (universal understanding) is the old theory that the new theory modifies.

If the task is to match each central idea to its correct supporting detail, the matches are:

1. Central Idea 1 (psychologists/anthropologists new plan) → Supporting Detail 1 (embedded in local culture)
2. Central Idea 2 (isolated cultures facial expressions) → Supporting Detail 2 (Trobrianders' anger interpretation)
3. Central Idea 3 (new theory on facial expressions) → Supporting Detail 3 (60s universality theory)

• For the first pair: The central idea is about developing a new research plan, and the supporting detail describes the methodology of that new plan (embedding in local culture).
• For the second pair: The central idea is about isolated cultures' facial expression recognition with a difference, and the supporting detail gives the specific difference (Trobrianders' view on a Western "fear" expression).
• For the third pair: The central idea is the new theory, and the supporting detail is the old "universality" theory that the new theory builds upon/modifies.

Answer:

1. Central Idea: "Recently, a group of psychologists and anthropologists... new plan to test the old research." → Supporting Idea: "The scientists embedded themselves in local culture... conduct their experiments."
2. Central Idea: "When people living in isolated cultures... same emotion Westerners named." → Supporting Idea: "In one standout difference... showed anger."
3. Central Idea: "The new theory acknowledges that... varying meanings." → Supporting Idea: "Known as the 'universality' theory... across cultures around the world."